Dimensions and starbucks

In order to clarify and understand how five dimensions of situational influences affect buyer behavior, this essay is going to answer three questions. First of all, physical surrounding and social factors will be demonstrated by providing some definitions and relevant instances. Secondly, case study will be analyzed based on three factors such as social surrounding, task definition and temporal perspective.Finally, Struck cafe would be chosen as an example to analyze how they has developed their promotion, place and product related to physical factor. Question 1 Firstly, as can be known, situational influences are basically five factors that affect customers when they want to make buying decision. One of the most visible features that may have a direct impact on their decisions is physical surrounding like store location, interior decoration, music, smell, temperature and amount of choice provided.This factor would be used as a tactic to attract customers or keep them stay longer in stores. For example, these days, Coles and Woolworth have had almost same price and promotion for their customers so most people have chosen to shop in en of these because that is simply the nearest supermarket from their house. In addition, how companies decorate their shops, what kind of music they play and which fragrance they choose to use in their stores or products play a prominent role to approach their potential clients.According to Bell (1975)g's study, there is a relationship between store's atmosphere and purchasing outcome that means the more enjoyable atmosphere the store have, the more money their customers are apparently willing to spend (as cited in Manic and Radars, 2006). Moreover, when they spend more time to stay inside, it may lead to a chance that they would buy enplaned goods.Furthermore, in 2000, the American Wine Council demonstrated that their most wine consumers were female who prefer having sweeter taste and smell and that is one of the reasons why many c ompanies such as Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon produce sweet wine more than dry one (as cited in Brewer, Salina & Miller, 2011). In general, as can be understood that physical surrounding includes the mostly tangible elements that could be used to influence people's buying behavior in a straight line.Secondly, there is one of the most unavoidable impacts that many buyers are usually affected when they make up their mind on archiving a product especially a valuable things such as phone, car, house, etc. Is social surroundings. Culture, family, reference group and social class are the elements, which would be insisted in this situation. In this case, the majority of customers possibly give their decision to buy a product based on the suggestion from their relationship around them. In 2006, Chuan et. Al stated that â€Å"Shopping in company increases purchasing outcomes† in their research.It can be considered that clients who come with friends or group tend to spend more mon ey and buy more items than who go alone (as cited in Manic & Radars, 2006). According to Genevieve (2006), since there are plenty of benefits that social influence are brought, many companies choose to launch their advertisements at the time that they probably know that time for family viewers such as Walt Disney or group of friends like football game. That would lead to a successful effect, which they would like to approach their potential customers.In short, social surrounding is a significant factor, which seems to help businesses achieving a greater consumption if they may implement it appropriately. Question 2 It is the intention of this question to identify and briefly analyze three key of educational influences related to specific case study when Kate has to make a final decision to buy a smartened for her boyfriend, John's birthday. First of all, when she has a demand to purchase a gift in her boyfriend's birthday occasion that is task definition.That is the reason why she n ot only spends a lot of time to find the information for this purchasing but also emphasizes on the feature and brand of smartened that her boyfriend would like to own particularly. In the other words, she prioritize his demands at the first. Additionally, it is easy to understand why she asked his friend and the sale consultant for enforcing her desirable decision. In this circumstance, it is quite clear to realize how social factor affects customer behavior. There are two social surroundings in this case: membership groups and aspirations groups.In this case study, Kate would be influenced by advise of John's friend who is in membership group and knew John's personality and character very well. His recommendation for Phone 5 would have the most vital impact on Skate's decision because of his better knowledge over her boyfriend's interests and preferences as mentioned in case study. However, Kate would be confused to give the final selection, for she also consider the option Samsun g galaxy SO from professional sale consultant who is in aspiration groups and may have much better experiences in smartened.Therefore with the purpose of solving this issue, she has to consider the third situational influence – temporal perspectives which would probably enforce her so as to fugue out the most suitable present for her boyfriend due to his fast approaching birthday. In Genitive's book (2006), he indicates, â€Å"Time pressures and technology have combined to produce a rapid growth in high quality'. Thus, it seems to be related to Skate's problem when she has to determine as soon as possible.That would cause the issue that the less time she has, the faster decision she has to make. In brief, as following this case study, it is possible to recognize that social factor predominantly affects how customers behave in general and Skate's in particular. Also, this is the main reason making her hesitated to reach the final selection. Question 3 As stated in the introdu ction, in this section, Struck would be chosen as an example to demonstrate how a business implies social surroundings and succeeds inChina for making marketing strategy by following three of four stages in UP – place, product, promotion. Struck, which is known as one of the most famous and valuable brands in the world, have opened first outlet in China since 2007 and will have extended to 1,500 stores by 201 5 (China Observer, 2011). Hence, which reasons have made them survive and success in China, where is well known as an initial traditional maintained country, will be described sketchily relating to social features in this bellowed part. First of all, with the aim of approaching Chinese marketStruck has settled store system in many virtual locations where there are crowded pedestrian places as usual as they did in America but with Chinese style's decoration for making their customers feel convenient. Picture 1: Struck in China (n. D. ) As can be seen in the above picture, that is the general decoration of Struck in China. Furthermore, Struck has especially allocated one of their stores in the Forbidden City (in the picture bellow) where is the most respectful and traditional symbol for Chinese history.It is one of the noticeable tactics that Struck wants to access China's market through Chinese cultural architectonic. In addition, with mainly target customers who are the growing middle class they have set their own image to become fashionable and trendy (McKee & Lawmaking, 2009). In this case, their potential customers would like to come in, have a seat, talking with friends and have a Struck cup of coffee. That means they have adapted themselves by using reference groups in social surroundings.Picture 2: Struck in The Forbidden City (n. D. ) Secondly, According to Wang (2012), there is an important strategy in product placement that Struck introduced their beverages using Chinese popular local ingredients like green tea. This strategy has helped St ruck to overcome the upcoming trouble which western cafe would threaten Chinese traditional drink – tea. That means they have tried being a Struck by Chinese and American cultural combination and avoiding totally implementing typical American concept into Chinese market.Finally, as mentioned previously, since Struck has been running a cafe system to make them become a trend, the most effective promotion for them is mouth to mouth. As long as the development of globalization included China, the monger generation tends to follow the new trend and experience the western culture. By recognizing what is happening in the world, Struck has given their customers â€Å"Struck – Experience† (Wang, 2012). That is how they has confronted with China's market and made it possible and the most second largest market behind original market – America.In conclusion, the five dimensions of situational influences play a vital role in marketing strategy to attract and deal wit h how customers behave to make their buying decision.

Montana 1948 Essay

The story of Montana 1948 tells of a certain struggle which the Hayden family experiences. Larry Watson uses different techniques and language to convey ideas about how powerful the Hayden family is, especially the grandfather Julian and how he alone can do pretty much as he pleases. The story is told from the perspective of a twelve year old boy David. However, it is written many years later which gives the reader a bigger insight into David’s view of what went on. Many themes are raised throughout the novel and many techniques are used to convey different ideas about certain events which are portrayed in the text, one of these being racism. Racism is one of the main themes which is portrayed in the text and is the very reason behind all that happens to the Hayden family throughout the whole ordeal. There are also many different ways in which racism is portrayed throughout the text, some of the characters are for it while others are against it. Watson uses characterisation to convey different ideas throughout the text about racism. He shows how the characters feel about racism, an example is when Julian and Wes are talking about Frank’s treatment of the Indian women, it is when Wes finds out that Julian has known all along about what Frank does to his patients. Julian says ‘You know Frank’s always been partial to red meat. ’ This is a realisation for both the reader and Wes because they find out that Julian shares exactly the same view of the Indian people as his son, thinking of them as animals. Racism is also portrayed in other ways throughout the text. Wes never directly says that he hates the Indian people, but he often hints at the fact that he doesn’t fully approve of them. ‘Nevertheless, he believed Indians, with only a few exceptions, were ignorant, lazy, superstitious and irresponsible. Although these words are not as direct or harsh and Wes doesn’t treat them nearly as bad as Julian and Frank, it is still an indication that Wes is partially racist towards the Indians. Another idea which Watson uses throughout the text to convey the idea of Racism is how Marie Little Soldier acts when Frank goes to the Hayden’s house to treat her when she is sick. She becomes terrified and demands that someone be in the room with her when Frank is there. This behaviour represents how all of the Indian women would have felt either before or after Frank visited them. It is Marie’s fear alone that informs the reader of how little respect Frank has for the Indians and gives a clear picture of how racist he is towards them. Furthermore, Watson uses other characters to give evidence of racism throughout the story. Julian and Frank both think very lowly of the Indians and these characteristics lead them to making actions and decisions which are racist. This is most evident with Frank because the actions he takes are the worst, he is the one commits the raping of the women when he supposed to be treating them as a professional. This racism is not displayed just by Frank however, it is the people around him who provide further evidence that there is racism in the story. Julian and Wes are good examples as they do not use the power which they hold to help resolve the situation or seek Justice. Julian has known about the crimes which Frank commits on his patients and does nothing about it because he thinks of the Indians in the same way, he believes that it is okay to treat them in that way just as Frank does. ‘What the hell am I supposed to think? Screwing an Indian. Or feeling her up or whatever. You don’t lock up a man for that’. Wes also shows support for the racism because of how he deals with Frank and his crimes. Even though he is the Sherriff and it is his job to put Frank behind bars, he refuses to and instead locks him in the basement of his own house, ‘He’ll have to meet his punishment in the hereafter’. Watson also uses characters in the text who are against racism and do not engage in it. David and Gail are the two characters who represent this. They are both strongly against racism and discrimination, this is evident throughout the story and is often the result of conflictions and arguments between the fellow family members. David and Gail have this view because they are the most distant from Julian. Gail was married into the family and therefore had her own views about racism before she was subjected to Julian’s beliefs and David has grown up in a house where his Mum does not believe in racism and his Dad works for the law and therefore knows what is right and wrong. It is because of this that Wes is always stuck in the middle, because he is constantly listening to both sides of the argument and this is why he is forced to arrest Frank but never puts him in jail, because he never fully decides in what he believes in. From reading this text the reader gains a detailed insight to the life of the Hayden family and the tough time which they go through. The reader is informed of what it was like living in Montana in 1948. From what the landscape looked like, to the social issues which took place such as racism and discrimination against certain groups of people. Watson uses the characters to convey the idea of racism between the white and Indian people. It is these characters techniques which gives the reader a perspective of what it was like through the eyes of a twelve year old boy.

Because I could not stop for death

â€Å"Because I could not stop for death† Emily Dickinson reveals about accepting death as a next chapter of her life. In Verse 1 and 2 she describes herself as a bride and death as her spouse. Welcome death as her partner in the eternal life. She embraces it with open arms that death is no more frightening into her. It also indicated in the 1st verse about her burial march. Dickinson created the poem showing three stages in her life time. In her 3rd verse, the school represents her childhood.The fields of gazing grain represent her maturity towards life. And the Setting Sun represent her old age preparing for her death. Another explanation to this verse is describing her burial march passing to â€Å"the school†, â€Å"the fields† and her last sentence â€Å"Setting Sun† can be the time of her burial. In her 4th verse, she talks about her burial dress. The definition of her garments are more appropriate for a wedding that a funeral dress. Her dress is for mal that the author knows her death. She prepared her dress like she is marrying death.It’s like a beginning but an end of life. In her Final moment she talk in her 5th verse of a house the represents her grave were her body lay in the solid ground. The author feels comfortable to pass away that in her heart, it’s a peaceful death. The author also talks about a â€Å"house† that represents her grave that she describes a grave as a home for eternity. The last verse, Dickinson talks about the â€Å"Centuries† which means that even century bypass she is happy in her death no worries and no more loneliness to feel.This describe that her dead body will be in earth for eternity. Emily Dickinson’s poem at first you will ask is this person is death? How did she write her own death? It is an amazing poem that she predicted her death. She embraces death with no fear and tears. She defines her death as another stage of cycle of life. In another point of view she was confident about her fate. She also defines death as her partner to the next stage of her life.In our days, this poem gives us a lesson that we have to appreciate death what ever happen because death will not wait for us. Most of us don’t expect our death or thinking our own death but this amazing poem gives an idea to accept what ever faith we may have. We don’t need to be scared but gives opportunity to be grateful for life and death. We maybe living for today but death will be the next chapter of our life. So take time to think for yourself and appreciate everything in your life so like Emily Dickinson we can accept our death.

Renewable Energy VS Fossil Fuel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Renewable Energy VS Fossil Fuel - Research Paper Example There has also been question over the possibility of depletion of current fossil fuel reserves, fossil fuels are those that are not renewable, one they are exploited, they cannot be replenished. In this regard, there has been a concern to opt for other sources of energy that are renewable and can be used over and again without depletion. It is then construable that renewable sources of energy can provide a solution to the myriad of problems that comes with the fossil fuels and should be fast tracked to check on the challenges occasioned by overreliance on one source of fuels-fossil fuel The need to consider other sources of energy is even accentuated by the fact that fossil fuels that are not only non-renewable, they are also scarcely distributed and this brings more competition on the resource leading to the increase in the cost of using such sources of fuels. This move to opt for other sources of energy comes at a time when other countries fully depends on the production of the fos sil fuels to drive there economy. Notwithstanding, the move to consider alternative sources of fuel is aimed at easing the pressure that is mounted on the use of fossil fuel so that prices can be moderated while at the same time the environment is kept clean (Singh and Steven 21). As indicated in the first paragraph, fuels can be classified into renewable and non-renewable, fossil fuels fall under the category of non-renewable sources of fuels. There is a clear distinction between the sources of energy that one is able to identify and classify them owing to the nature of their formation. Different types of fuel that fall under either fossil or renewable, and each has its own distinct characteristics setting it apart from the other. Fossil fuels are those that emanate from changes in the atmosphere from the carboniferous era, they consist of Coal, Petroleum, and Natural gas, fossil fuels are made from the process of anaerobic decomposition of the organism that were buried long time. The dead buried organism will have to be subjected to intense heat and pressure which then results into the formation of the fossils fuels. It has to noted that for the organisms to turn into fossils fuels, the take millions of years underground, for instance, there are those that takes up to about 650 million years for the organisms to give fossil fuels. One of the characteristics of the fossil fuels that is notable is high percentage of carbon content, though the percentage of the carbon in the fuels to differ from one compound to the next. There content of carbon is the facilitating factor for the environmental pollution; on the other hand, renewable energy is that which originates from materials that receive continued replenishment from nature and include sunlight, tides among others. The fact that, renewable source of energy are spread in almost all the geographical regions makes it suitable for the production of sufficient energy to drive the economy unlike that of fossil fuel s that is only skewed to selected geographical areas. This make renewable source of energy to be a better alternative of reducing cost of the fuels, controlling pollution, and providing enough energy that can sustain the high demand that is in the offing. Given the nature of the renewable sources of energy, there is only modification and development of the sites for them to be harnessed, for example, in a river with a waterfall, the only development expected for the energy to be harnessed is fixation of the turbines and construction of the hydropower station. Advantages of the Fossil Fuel Fossil fuels that include coal, petroleum, and natural gas presents a plethora of

7 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS ONLY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

7 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS ONLY - Assignment Example (PLEASE FEEL FREE TO USE YOUR OWN RESOURCES) 1. What is orthography and how does it differ from phonetic spelling? Explain why linguists use a phonetic alphabet to represent speech sounds instead of regular spelling. Include specific examples in your answer. (125 WORDS) Orthography means literally correct writing and it refers to the rules and conventions of the written language. It includes the way that letters are used to spell out a word, punctuation, and the use of capitals and lower case letters, as for example the use of capital letters for all nouns in German, but only for proper nouns in English. Orthography alone is not a good system for linguists because it does not represent accurately the actual sounds that are produced in spoken language. Two speakers from different parts of the United States might pronounce the same word differently and this is not recorded in orthography. A phonetic alphabet has one symbol for each sound and this allows accurate analysis of sounds. Suprasegmentals are a linguistic feature that can be found in the spoken language. Linguists look at the small segments of speech, such as vowels, consonants and syllables and analyze how these are formed and how they fit together into words and phrases. Suprasegmentals are features that transcend these tiny pieces and range over several syllables. An example of a suprasegmental is the way that intonation and stress patterns operate. It is important to identify these features because they can change the meaning of an utterance, for example a rising intonation can mean a question in English whereas a flat or falling intonation is a statement. Stress on a word can mean emphasis. The word â€Å"desert† has different meanings, depending on which syllable is stressed. Answer the following questions in your own words. Your answers need to be complete enough to demonstrate mastery of the lesson objectives. A brief paragraph (5 sentences)

Assistant rotation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assistant rotation - Essay Example I was lucky to be able to help put them in place. Then, the most important aspect about the processor is listening in order to put down on the paper. Some children’s parent did not want their kids to have fluoride, and were to follow the parent’s request. These factors included: health risk, allergy, or other medical factors. All the children behaved extremely well in the entire process. I did not have any problem performing FL to them. Subsequently, I noticed by wearing the gown, mast, and loupe might worry them a little. Because I was cheerful in the process of treatment, the children were happy to cooperate with the FLvitamin. This was because we learned about the fluoride topic in the preventive class which helped me to know how to explain simple sentient to them in order for them to understand. For me, the most important experience of this exercise was teamwork. The doctors and the assistant updated the health history for any oral lesion or cavity. We went over the paperwork and applied the FL procedure. The coordinator made sure all the documents were accurate in each block and any waste unopened FL was to be reported. In addition, I was able to take the time to interact with kids and in the process the rotation was also a great improvement on my knowledge and clinical skills. In this regard, I do not have any negative aspects to add because we all had a great experience on this wonderful

Discourse Community Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discourse Community Analysis - Research Paper Example A discourse community can be defined as a group of individuals or people with common texts and practices whether a group of social network users or group of academicians (Boreczky &Wyclif's 34). Members of a discourse community usually use both verbal and written communication to express their feelings emotions and interest and these will be understood and acted upon by their audience. Communication among mothers is one that is often characterized by the use of abbreviations and other non-verbal symbols that is clearly understood within their social cycles. The kind of abbreviations used while communicating depends on various factors like age, location, and experience that one is undergoing. Understanding the abbreviations and the nonverbal signs used by mothers requires one to have interest and remain abreast with the current dynamics and changing terminologies. One of the common abbreviations used by mother is BM which is used to refer to the breastfeeding mothers. The abbreviation is common amongst mothers who are breastfeeding or used by other women when referring to mothers with young babies. Women who undergo pregnancy tests also prefer using the abbreviation BFN standing for the big fat negative. The abbreviation is also prevalent amongst mothers who intend to pursue a pregnancy test to enable them to know their status. The term is normally used to help confine the communication amongst themselves in order to preclude others from being privy to such information, especially at the earliest stage. To describe the menstrual cycle experienced by women, mothers have mostly used the abbreviation AF- Aunt Flo. The term is largely common amongst mothers and women during their menstrual cycle. Most mothers feel shy to have unintended individuals to be privy to their menstrual cycle except for those they are considered very close with.  

Effects of the second war Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Effects of the second war - Research Paper Example Such a policy revealed ?an eagerness, a desire, not to hinder the ag- gressors in their nefarious work.? The western powers allowed Germany to have Austria, ?despite the undertaking to defend her independence; they let her have the Sudeten region; they abandoned Czechoslovakia to her fate.? Finally, Stalin enunciated Soviet policy towards its neighbors: We stand for peaceful, close and friendly relations with all neighboring countries which have common frontiers with the U.S.S.R. That is our position; and we shall adhere to this position as long as these countries maintain like relations with the Soviet Union, and as long as they make no attempt to trespass, directly or indirectly, on the integrity and inviola- bility of the frontiers of the Soviet state. He concluded with a warning to the Party ?to be cautious and not to allow our country to be drawn into conflicts by war- mongers who are accustomed to have others pull the chestnuts out of the fire for them.?11 Was Stalin's statemen t a revolution in Soviet foreign policy or was he restating an old hope, agreement with Germany over Eastern Europe? He was probably attempting to warn Britain and France not to leave the Soviet Union to face Germany alone. From Berlin there was silence. Although Ribbentrop brought the speech to Hitler's attention suggesting that he be authorized to learn more about Stalin's intentions, Hitler was uninterested. Alexei Merekalov, the Soviet ambassador, brought a message from the Kremlin to the German Foreign Ministry on April 17. Ostensibly the reason for his visit was the matter of Soviet con- tracts with the Skoda works in Czechoslovakia for war materi- als. However, Merekalov proceeded to lead Ernst von Weizsaecker, the state secretary, into a discussion of German-Polish relations and finally came around to the subject of Russo-German affairs. At last Merekalov got to the point: ideological differences, he suggested, need not be a ?stumbling block? to friendly relations. ?Russia h ad not exploited the present friction between Germany and the western democracies against us [Germany], nor did she wish to do that.?12 There was no reason for Russia and Germany not to enjoy normal relations. In contrast to Weizsaecker's account, according to Soviet doc- uments released in 1990 and 1992, the meeting was not the occasion of a Soviet hint at a possible rapprochement. The signal of detente was coming from the Germans. Merekalov was merely following instructions in presenting Soviet complaints concern- ing Germany's failure to fulfill contracts of the former Czecho- slovak Skoda factories. Merekalov made no plea for improved Russo-German relations. It is quite possible that Weizsaecker's account is the more accurate. Meanwhile, Britain and France embarked on tortuous nego- tiations with the Soviet government. On April 14, the British gov- ernment pressed the Soviet Union to make a public declaration promising to assist any European neighbor of the Soviet Union who resi sted aggression if such assistance was desired. Britain would not be involved in this declaration. France, however, made a different proposal involving France going to war against Germany if Poland or Romania were to be attacked. France would aid the Soviet Union if it were at war as a result of aid- ing Poland or Romania. Litvinov replied on April 17 with a proposal for a triple al- liance in which Britain, France, and the Soviet Union would aid each other in case of aggression against

A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling in Corwin Outline

A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling in Corwin Corporation - Outline Example 8. Lack of team unity: The supervisors demonstrated weak leadership by abandoning members of their team and engaged in a blame-game which led to conflict amongst the team, thereby negatively affecting project outcomes.8. Lack of team unity: The supervisors demonstrated weak leadership by abandoning members of their team and engaged in a blame-game which led to conflict amongst the team, thereby negatively affecting project outcomes.9. Unskilled employees: The lack of skilled participants for the project jeopardized the quality of decisions made (in this case the faulty decision of accepting the project by violating cost margins in support of the client).2. Poor external communication: Internal stakeholders were not taken into confidence along with no clear guidelines as to who has authority for the project led to conflicts, confusion and lack of unanimous direction.3. Weaknesses in corporate culture: As per Corwin’s culture, employees did not feel the need to alert their super iors in case of critical data which led to ignorance of underlying problems and ultimate failure.1. Delayed engagement of line managers in the process: Corwin’s line managers were unable to provide their inputs during the proposal that could have influenced it and could have given a clearer picture beforehand.2. Poor procurement decision: Corwin’s decision to procure raw materials before the contract was signed which exposed the company to financial risk in case anything went wrong prior to the contract signing.3. Poorly planned change management process: Testing process was continuously altered which led to inconsistent results and increased costs for Corwin.

How does Steinbeck prepare us for the tragic ending in Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

How does Steinbeck prepare us for the tragic ending in Of Mice and Men Essay Steinbeck prepares us for the tragic ending in of mice and men right the way through the book. Lenny is the focus of all bad things to come and is a central character in the novel. First up there was the incident in Weed where Lenny stroked a womans red dress and she accused Lenny of raping her. This shows they make a habit of running away from places and people when Lenny often gets into trouble. an you aint gonna do no bad things like you did in weed neither. they run us outta weed. Those things show situations for the future and also show the dire situation they are in at the present, they are fugitives with Lenny committing the crimes and George helping him to get away because of their solid companionship in which both are each others only companions. The situation in weed also shows that Lenny likes stroking anything and anyone that is soft and once he has hold of someone or an it he cant let go. This is also shown with the mice where Lenny pets them too hard. uh-uh jus a dead mouse. He doesnt seem to fully understand the value of life nor regret his murders. This is not because he is malicious but because he is in fact mentally ill. His strength is beyond his control and this can create very dangerous situations for him and others around him, maybe even for-seeing murder here. The pups yet another example, this animal is also part of Lennys worrying fetish, here it is shown that he is too dangerous for even bigger animals in chapter five where he kills a pup. Lenny shows violence here towards the pups which he seems to love and have affection for, he thinks if the pup had not died (through no fault of its own) then George wouldve let him tend the rabbits and everything would be smiley again. All Lenny cares about is the rabbits and this predicts that maybe Lenny will do something destructive with the rabbits welfare In mind because he cares about them that much. Ill break their (anyone) god damn necks if they touch the rabbits he says defensively showing aggression. The bad mood Lenny is in sets him up to be calmed down by someone/something. Unfortunately this somebody/something appears to be Curleys wife. Curleys wife is another central character in the preparation of an all tears ending, she messes things for everybody and everything, I knew shed do us in the end George says resignedly after her death. She doesnt show any sign of stopping when she on her role of misery-making and it all leads up to a climax of some sort, and ending maybe to all the pain and suffering each and everybody is going through, putting their minds at rest. Curleys wife flirts as a meaning of talking to normal people, this is because she has not talked to other females and has not obtained any other skill so far in her short life, the men dont like her and thinks shes a tart because of this but still find her attractive and Lenny is no different in this respect, shes purty (pretty) he says with delight while looking at her body up and down, listening to her tender voice and looking at her silky hair, instantly she becomes an obvious unintentional target for Lennys animals like affections and the antics what go with this along with her red dress and red mule feathers which also attracts Lenny. When Curleys wife soothes Lenny and calms him down she doesnt know what shes letting herself in for, she thinks hes a harmless dum-dum. She talks to him in the first place because she is lonely and in return for listening to her Curleys wife lets Lenny stroke her hair which in turn triggers Lennys cant let go approach and he eventually kills her. We almost knew this was going to happen before it did because it resembles the weed incident too closely. Lenny had done a really bad thing George says. A mistake of the highest degree. The death of a human being had occurred. After this George doesnt even consider them going on the run together, here Steinbeck spells out the end of Lennys life indefinitely. George knows that Lenny cant get away with it and says we cant let him get away with it this time showing whats coming up next. Lennys death is now inevitable, George doesnt want Lenny to get hunted down and lynched like a wild animal but wants Lenny to die painlessly and dignified. This calls for Gorge to take control as anyway Lennys death is inevitable George decides to kill Lenny himself, humanely. Candys dog also showed signs of what happened to people who had no use in the ranch-place of work and it got shot just like Lenny would later be. If anything was learnt by the shooting of Lennys dog then it would have to be not to let a stranger kill someone who you care about. George deliberately took Carlsons Luger as he set out of to kill Lenny himself. Steinbeck also uses the scenery to prepare us for the death of Lenny, the surrounding are beautiful, day turns to dusk and everything is moving along swiftly. The wind picks up in the background and a heron takes off this signifies an event is about to take place. The reader always knew that Lenny would die at the brush because thats the place where he would go when he got in trouble and thats how George would find him. George sensed it was going to be needed early on in the novel again preparing us for the ending. In the end the cards mapped out the future in a sad way, while George was playing solitaire which again signifies their loneliness playing a one man game, Lenny picks up a card and asks why the card looks the same both ways up. George replies thats jus the way they make em. He is saying that you cant change what is inevitable just like Lennys impending doom. It is ironic that Lenny asks this question and George gives the answer because that is exactly what happens in the end.

Does race affect treatment within CJS?

Does race affect treatment within CJS? For this assignment I am going to explain how differences in race can affect the treatment and experience a person can receive within the criminal justice system. I will use research, legislation, policy and statistics to help answer the question. I will look into the different Criminal Justice Systems and analyse how race affects a persons treatment, I will also backup my findings through case studies which show the differences. Racism and race differences can occur within the police force, courts, probation and prisons. Because of race differences people from ethnic minorities are treated differently and unfairly in each of the Criminal Justice Systems. A racist incident is any incident which is perceived to be racist by the victim or any other person. (HMPS, 2007). The first part of the Criminal Justice System where an offender experiences race differences is the police force. The police have been known to be institutionally racist, In the criminal justice system it has become apparent that different ethnic groups are treated unequally, a recent report called Race and the Criminal Justice System showed that members of the Black community are seven times more likely to be stopped and searched, three and a half times more likely to be arrested, and five times more likely to be in prison then members of the White community, the same report also shows that Black communities are over represented and there is an under representation for Asian communities(Justice, 2007) . After the Brixton riots in 1981 lord Scarman produced a report into the factors causing the riots. The report showed that different factors such as political, social and economic factors created the trigger for the protest. After the riots confidence and mistrust in the police and th eir methods were lost, before the protest there was no communication or liaison between the police or the community. The report outlined that necessary changes such as more ethnic minority officers needed to be employed and more training needed to be given. The report highlighted that institutional racism did not occur but there was racial discrimination and racial disadvantage towards the black community (BBC, 2004). Since the Macpherson report the Equality and Human rights commission presented a report as to whether there had been changes in the police force in terms of racial discrimination and equality. The first part of the report looked into employment, Statistics show that 8% of the total police force is made up of ethnic minorities, in all the different statistics there has been a steadily but slow increase in ethnic minorities, however it does also show that ethnic minority officers have a high resignation rate, especially within the first 6 months of service (Justice, 2007 ). Many police officers that deal with counter terrorism, firearms and robbery consist mainly of white middle aged men who discriminate against Blacks and Asians, many Asians and Black officers have difficulty getting into the specialist squads, and feel as if it a closed shop for ethnic minorities. The second part of the report looked into stop and search, black members were seven times more likely to be stopped and searched by the police, and from the seven, only one was worthy enough for an arrest (Justice, 2007), this shows that there is still a disproportionate figure and that unnecessarily they were being searched, this particular problem is common in police forces across the UK. For every 1000 Black people in England, there was an average of 102 stops for drug searches, the Metropolitan police carried out 75% of searches on Black people (Justice, 2007) , Since the July 7 bombings, there was an increase in the number of Asians being stopped and searched. All statistics that ar e used for stop and search have a higher figure of minority ethnics, this shows that ethnic minorities are treated unfairly and are more likely to be searched then white people, this manner of stopping and searching on suspicion is being used excessively against Black and Asians. Members of the Black community are being regularly stopped for weapons such as knives and guns, and members of the Asian community are being stopped for terrorist related charges, both Black and Asian communities experience race differences through this. Race patterns are also frequent within the fingerprint and DNA samples, 40% of all black males are on the system, compared with 13% of Asians and 9% of whites (Justice, 2007). DNA samples of Black members are kept regardless of whether the person has committed a crime or not, this stereotypes towards Black men because they are always prime suspects in certain crimes because of their high figures of samples. Racial incidents was another factor the report loo ked into, since the Stephen Lawrence case there have been many improvements into the way race crime is dealt, police officers are being trained in culture and diversity and are now taking into account how serious race crimes are, and how serious they can become if they are not dealt with as soon as possible. The mother of Stephen Lawrence states that The police made mistakes then, but they learned their lesson and theyve not made the same mistake twice (BBC, 2005). In areas such as recruitment, training and tackling race crime, the police force is making clear progress, the statistics also back this up and there are many examples which show this also. However there are still issues and concerns that have been ignored such as the DNA database and stop and search differences, and mainly that black members are mostly seen as suspects in all crimes. Once a defendant has been charged, the police then seek charging advice from the CPS, the Crown Prosecution Service then decides what charge or sentence the defendant should receive. The courts take many factors into consideration before making a decision, firstly they look at the nature of the offence, the plea, the offenders previous criminal history, mitigating or aggravating circumstances. A study showed that Black defendants were more likely to be sentenced to custody then White defendants, and Asian defendants were less likely to be sentenced, the study also showed that Black and Asian offenders were given considerably larger sentences then White offenders. In other sentences such as fines and conditional discharges, Black offenders were more likely to be fined and less likely to be discharged compared to White offenders and also both Black and Asian offenders were more likely to receive community sentence then white offenders (Sharp, 2005). A black magistrate claimed that blac k defendants received harsh remarks, severe sentencing, disregard for personal mitigation, easy findings of guilt irrespective of evidence, most likely to refuse bail, most likely to be sentenced to prison and general unfair practices (Bird, 2009). From this we can see that people from ethnic minorities are treated unfairly and they often experience a difference in sentencing from the CPS An offender can be sentenced to attend probation by the CPS, the probation supervises the offenders behaviour and produces a report, the report is essential in the courts deciding the sentence. A recent report carried out on the probation service revealed that the probation service was infected by racism (Travis, 2000). The home office minister stated that There has been a systematic failure to address issues of race and racial discrimination in an adequate but appropriate way(Travis, 2000) The report outlined that white officers were uncomfortable when dealing with black offenders, they feared accusations of being racist, the report also showed that pre sentence reports for ethnic minorities had been of a poorer quality than those of the white offenders, these reports are very crucial in determining what the courts decide in what sentence to pass, if the probation officer writes a poor report because of the offenders ethnic background this could lead them to getting a severe punishm ent, that they do not deserve. Another reason why ethnic minority offenders are getting harsher penalties then white offenders could be down to the quality of the pre sentence report. The final part of the criminal justice system where an offender can receive different type of treatment is the prisons. In the past ten years the number of ethnic minority prisoners has increased considerably, ethnic minority prisoners needs are not always met and they are not given an equal amount of support as other prisoners, ethnic minority prisoners are frequently treated with disrespect and often receive racial abuse. The commission for racial equality made a report into racial discrimination in the prisons, after the murder of Zahid Mubarek who was murdered in HMYOI Feltham and was believed to be racially motivated. Statistics show that racial incidents are on the increase, during 2006-2008 there was increase of 25% of complaints of racism, staff on prisoner racism increased by 13% (Guardian, 2010). Racial stereotyping is a main factor in prisons, black inmates were more likely to be targeted for drugs testing then white cellmates, and that locking a prisoner in a cell for pun ishment was used unreasonably towards ethnic minority prisoners (BBC, 2003). The prison service does not have a strategy to deal with Minority ethnic prisoners. In March 2009, a Muslim inmate at Glen Parva institute in Leicester was verbally abused by staff, one man said Ive been called a terrorist just because I grow my beard or stupid Muslim.I had so many problems in this joint I cant tell you. This is the worst prison Ive been too more racist than others the same person also states that when a complaint is made, nothing is done about it (BBC, 2009). From this interview we can see that racism is still common in prisons. Ethnic minority prisoners tend to be treated differently than the white prisoners, they regularly experience a difference in all factors such as black inmates targeted for drugs testing, they often receive racial abuse and they are treated unfairly. Labelling theory was developed by Howard Becker in 1963, it is known as the theory of deviance that views deviance as a label given to behaviours or attitudes by figures of influence, and this means that a person or an action is not deviant unless made by society. This theory relates to race and the criminal justice system because many people from all different races can carry out the same crime but only certain races are given a label or called deviant. This theory can be used for examples such as all black people deal in drugs and that youth in hoodies have ASBOs, although drug dealers can be from any background, society, police and people in authority in general have stereotyped drug dealers as being from black communities.(Miller, 2009). Conclusion: For this assignment I have explained how differences in race affect the treatment and experience a person can receive within the criminal justice system. I have looked into the different Criminal Justice Systems and analysed how race affects a persons treatment, I have used case studies and peoples experiences to backup my findings which show the differences. I have started in the order that the CJS takes place, firstly I have explained how the police force are racist and how this can affect an offender, then I have gone on to explain how the CPS decision is influenced by the ethnicity of the offender, and finally if an offender is sentenced to prison, what differences they experience and how they are treated differently from others.